Symbols, Snipery and Spectacles
Name Calling: hanging a bad label on an idea, symbolized by a hand turning thumbs down;
Card Stacking: selective use of facts or outright falsehoods, symbolized by an ace of spades, a card signifying treachery;
Band Wagon: a claim that everyone like us thinks this way, symbolized by a marching bandleader's hat and baton;
Testimonial: the association of a respected or hated person with an idea, symbolized by a seal and ribbon stamp of approval;
Plain Folks: a technique whereby the idea and its proponents are linked to "people just like you and me," symbolized by an old shoe;
Transfer: an assertion of a connection between something valued or hated and the idea or commodity being discussed, symbolized by a smiling Greek theater mask; and
Glittering Generalities: associations of something with a "virtue word" to gain approval without examining the evidence; symbolized by a sparkling gem. (Institute for Propaganda Analysis. 1939)
and somebody added an eighth: Fear.
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