FWIW, I read your entire post and I agree with almost all you say, except the part about not needing more revenue.
Which leads me to answer the question you asked in the beginning, and that I quoted.
The reason my side is so hung up on the corporations and their cash reserves is that they are supposed to be the job creators. Instead of hiring people and dumping that cash back into the economy, they are hoarding it AND they are asking for more money through tax breaks/tax cuts. In my estimation, the reason these corporations have record cash reserves is because we have a government that has been complicit in the screwing over of the American people at their behest. Free trade? No problem. Tax breaks for sending jobs overseas? Great idea. The corporations have bought and paid for there own rules, and they got them. And now they want more. F#ck them. They've been given a free ride and they've got the bank accounts to prove it. Quoting tax rates is ludicrous because they aren't real. They might as well not exist, kind of like John Boehner
In closing, I laugh at the notion that Obamacare somehow caused this mess. Or that the man himself caused it. No, this mess was here well before Obamacare came into play. This mess was created long ago and has been sustained recklessly by multiple administrations. The tools of the right wing have been trying to lay blame for this economy on Obama's feet since the minute he was sworn in. Lay it at the feet of Clinton, Reagan, Bush....but to keep asserting in any way, that Obama is the root cause of all of this mess, is just asinine.
As far as the debt ceiling mess goes, I think in the end we will come out ok somehow, and that the only thing we really will have learned is that John Boehner really is a bad speaker and will probably lose his job.